Genomic, DNA-based molecular methods of species identification are advantageous as they can be applied to specimens and situations unsuitable for morphological taxonomy. However, PCR-based molecular identification methods require relatively expensive and sophisticated laboratory equipment unavailable to public health practitioners in many developing countries. Recently, loop mediated isothermal amplification technology was adapted for molecular discrimination between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis mosquito species, showing a sensitivity better than 0.9 and a 100% specificity compared with standard rDNA-PCR when testing field-captured mosquitoes. The use of isothermal amplification dramatically simplifies the molecular identification Fulvestrant process, greatly simplifies the instrumentation needed, and even allows instrument-free operation. In recent years, there have been considerable efforts to integrate biochemical analysis and medical diagnostics processes into monolithic microfluidic platforms. Compared to conventional laboratory methods, such integrated microfluidic implementations offer the advantages of low cost, short test times, small sample sizes, low reagent consumption, and most importantly, full automation of all processes from sample preparation to detection in a single device. The “sample-to-answer” capability is particularly attractive for resource-poor regions, where funds and trained personnel are in short supply. Although a number of groups are developing microfluidic components for nucleic acid testing, there are, to date, only a few reports of fully-integrated, microfluidic NAT chips that can perform all the necessary steps from sample introduction and preparation to target detection. On-chip sample preparation is still a challenge. In an effort to simplify the design and operation of a microfluidic diagnostics system, our group has recently developed a multi-function, isothermal amplification reactor with an embedded isolation membrane, such as Flinders Technology Associates Whatman FTAH, without a need for nucleic acid elution. The porous cellulose FTA membrane serves as a solid-phase binding medium for extraction, concentration, and purification of nucleic acids from cell lysates. We have used our devices to detect the presence of the HIV virus in saliva specimens. Our chip with an embedded FTA membrane successfully isolated viral RNA and carried out real-time, reverse-transcription, loopmediated isothermal amplification with a detection limit better than ten target particles per sample. In this paper, we will show that a similar idea can be used to distinguish mosquito species. Briefly, we report on a simple, lowcost, disposable, sample-to-answer, microfluidic chip, which integrates the functional steps of lysis of mosquito tissue cells; nucleic acid capture, concentration, and purification; isothermal amplification; and detection into a single chamber formed in a plastic substrate. A cell phone with an embedded CCD camera monitors the fluorescence signal emitted during the enzymatic amplification reaction in the microfluidic chip. We use a small piece of Whatman FTA filter paper for sample collection and nucleic acid isolation. The utility of our system was demonstrated by identifying the malaria-transmitting mosquitoes An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing an integrated microfluidic chip for molecular identification of insect disease vectors with a cell phone recorder. The chip design and operation, including cell phone imaging for detection, can readily accommodate multiplexed analysis for parallel detection of several mosquito species and appropriate control reactions.