Investigation and comparison of the mechanisms by which hantaviruses affect human and natural host cells is important in order to better understand why hantaviruses cause disease in man and also how they establish a chronic infection in their natural hosts. Our results suggest that some of the immune responses that are evoked in humans during FDA-approved Compound Library hantavirus infection are suppressed in rodent reservoirs. If these differences are significant for observed differences between the asymptomatic, persistent infection in bank voles, compared to the transient but symptomatic infection in humans, remains to be investigated.The finding that PUUV-wt efficiently infects VEFs suggests that VEFs might serve as a tool for isolation of new PUUV strains, either from bank voles or from patients. Hantaviruses are notoriously difficult to isolate in vitro and therefore there is only a very limited number of cell line adapted hantaviruses available for research, which clearly hampers studies on hantavirus pathogenesis. Why infection of human cells in vitro with wild-type hantaviruses is normally not observed, and why it is difficult to adapt hantaviruses to growth in established cell lines, is currently not known. As of today, cell line adaptation of hantavirus is often performed on Vero E6 cells that lack the capacity to produce IFN-a/b, which may allow for evolution of viral substrains with phenotypical properties that differ from those of the parental wild-type strain. This has been shown for PUUV, for which cell culture adaptation is associated with the introduction of mutations and evolution of substrains with different phenotypes. Importantly, mutations of the viral genome during cell line adaptation have also been observed for other bank vole-borne zoonotic viruses, e.g. TBEV and LV. It remains to be shown if selections observed during cell line adaption in non-host cell lines, like Vero E6, also occur in cells derived from bank voles. Reverse genetics is an attractive method for production of viruses. This method allows for the production of wild-type as well as of genetically altered forms of the virus in question. However, as of today, all attempts to create a reverse genetics system for hantaviruses have failed. Interestingly, embryonic cells from the fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus, a presumed natural host for certain filoviruses, have been isolated, and successfully infected with Ebola and Marburg viruses. Interestingly, these cells have enabled rescue of Marburg virus by use of reverse genetics. Possibly, embryonic cells from hantavirus natural hosts might contribute to a reverse genetics system also for hantaviruses. In conclusion, we show that VEFs can serve as a tool for studies of several known bank vole borne viruses, including important human pathogens. Using this method, it will hopefully be possible to better understand how these zoonotic viruses interfere with host cell signaling pathways and how they affect induction of innate immune responses. Coronary artery disease and its complications such as myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure are projected to remain the leading cause of mortality in the world. CAD is caused by a complex pattern of interaction of genetic factors and life-style. However, individual CAD susceptibility is not well understood.