Until recently, the rat model lacked genetic engineering tools for introducing targeted genetic mutations. But in the last years, we and others have used in rats sequence-specific nucleases, such as meganucleases, zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs and CRISPRs/Cas9, to efficiently generate precise gene mutations. To generate dystrophin-deficient rats, we generated TALENs for Dmd that were microinjected in rat zygotes allowing generation of two Dmdmdx rat lines. The muscles of both lines displayed undetectable levels of dystrophin as evaluated by western blot analysis and less than 5% of dystrophin positive fibers by immunohistochemistry. At 3 months of age, forelimb, hindlimb and diaphragm muscles showed severe fiber necrosis and a strong regeneration activity. At 7 months of age, regeneration activity was decreased and muscle showed abundant peri- and endomysial fibrosis with some adipose tissue infiltration. Muscle strength and spontaneous activity were decreased and fatigue was a prominent finding of muscle function analysis. Cardiac muscle was also affected with necrosis and fibrosis and showed signs of progressive dilated cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography showed significant concentric remodeling and alteration of diastolic function. These lesions in skeletal muscle and heart closely mimic those observed in DMD patients. These results indicate that Dmdmdx rats represent a new invaluable small animal model for pre-clinical research on DMD. DMD is the most common neuromuscular disorder, accounting for approximately 30% of muscular dystrophy patients. The liver carries out a diverse range of necessary functions, such as homeostasis, metabolism and detoxification. As much of the research on the liver is human-centric, whether for the elucidation of GS-5734 mechanisms, translational research or cell-based therapy, isolated human liver cells remain an important in vitro model for basic and translational research. The usage of human hepatocytes comes with the additional advantage of following the 3R ethical framework to replace the use of research animals when possible. This is as the liver tissue used in this study was obtained from human elective liver resections. After resection, the tissue was immediately brought to a pathologist, who would take what was required for histopathological evaluation. The rest of the tissue, which is not needed, was designated as surgical waste. If a patient had signed an informed consent, this discarded tissue could then be collected for hepatocyte isolation. In order to successfully use human hepatocytes as an in vitro model or for cell-based therapy, hepatocytes must be obtained with good viability and hence quality.