Compared with Th2 cells, Th1 cytokines, such as IFN-c and IL-12, are involved in antagonism of Th2 cell responses and IgE synthesis to restrain the progress of asthma. In physiological condition, immune responses of Th1 and Th2 cells maintain dynamic balance. Whenever this balance is disturbed, diseases will occur. Therefore, one effective AMN107 treatment for asthma is to try to improve Th1 immune responses and simultaneously inhibit Th2 immune responses to restore Th1/Th2 balance. Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins are a group of transcription factors that transmit signals from extracellular milieu of cells to nucleus. It has been demonstrated that the activation of STAT4 and STAT6 is pivotal in naive CD4+ T cell differentiate along Th1 and Th2 pathways. Previous studies indicated that immunization of STAT4-deficient mice resulted in a typical Th2-like immune response. In addition, protein content and mRNA levels of STAT6 in asthma patients/models appeared to arise, STAT4 decreased abnormally. T-box expressed in T-cells, a key transcription factor of Th1 cells, has been identified to promote Th1 development and IFN-c production. What’s more, IFN-c has been shown to induce T-bet expression, which results in a potential positive feedback loop during Th1 cell differentiation. GATA-binding protein-3, as a downstream transcriptional factor of STAT6, plays an important role in Th2 cell development by promoting Th2 cytokine expression through binding to a variety of regulatory regions of Th2 cytokines. At the same time, GATA-3 induction inhibits Th1 differentiation both by increasing IL-4 production, and by inhibiting the master Th1 transcription factor T-bet. Thus, biological compounds targeting these molecules may provide an effective therapeutic modality for patients with asthma. Mangiferin, a natural C-glucoside xanthone and its PubChem identification number, is abundantly present in Mangifera indica Linn leaves.. Aqueous extracts of such leaves have been traditionally used for decades as a remedy for respiratory diseases in Chinese medicine. In Cuba, Vimang products are used for treating inflammatory diseases and cancer. Previous published pharmacological studies, both in vitro and in vivo, indicate that mangiferin has pleiotropic bioactivities, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, hepato-, cardio- and radioprotective, and anti-allergic activities. Besides, it also exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. There has not yet been found any clinical evidence of adverse effects of mangiferin. Therefore, it could become a promising candidate for developing natural medicine. In our previous studies, we reported that mangiferin had beneficial effects on treatment of chronic inflammation and chronic bronchitis. Recently, anti-asthmatic properties of mangiferin have also been initially described by Rivera DG. They reported that mangiferin could inhibit the airway inflammation based on the histological changes and the reduction of IL-4, IL-5 and IgE levels. However, underlying molecular mechanisms of mangiferin, such as the contributions of Th1 vs Th2 responses, on anti-asthma remain unclear.