Fifty-seven Benzoylaconine percent of the interactions revealed by our YTH analysis was confirmed in co-IP experiments, consistent with previous observations that about 50�C60% of the YTH interactions are positive in immunoaffinity pulldown experiments in the studies of other viruses. While we can not completely rule out the possibility that those interactions which are negative in co-IP experiments may not be present in mammalian cells, it is conceivable that these interactions are so transient and weak that they are only detected by the YTH approach but not by the immunoaffinity pulldown assay. The HCMV virion represents one of the most complex viral particles found in nature. It contains more than 55 HCMV proteins of at least 100 amino acids, and in addition, at least 10 viral-encoded small peptides/proteins of less than 100 amino acids and over 70 human cellular proteins. Of the 56 ORFs we studied, 19 were either not found to interact between themselves or with any other of the 37 HCMV proteins. We can not completely exclude the possibility that there were interactions among themselves or with the other 37 ORFs in human cells that could not be detected by our YTH assays. It is also conceivable that these proteins may interact with the viral encoded small peptides, human proteins, and other constituents of the virion particles. Further studies to identify the partners of these proteins and study their potential interactions with the partners will provide insight into the 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylacetic acid mechanism of HCMV virion assembly and formation, and facilitate the development of novel compounds and new strategies for the treatment and prevention of HCMV infection. To date, approximately 200 broad evolutionarily conserved miRNA families and hundreds of additional poorly conserved miRNAs have been identified in mammals. It has been estimated that approximately two thirds of all human protein-coding genes are conserved targets of miRNAs; hence, miRNAs provide a widespread mechanism for posttranscriptional control of gene expression. miRNAs have been implicated in multiple biological processes, including development and differentiation, proliferation, oncogenesis, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. Recently, a mutation in miR-96 was found to underlie hereditary hearing loss in humans and mice. To date, this is the only reported example of a miRNA mutation causing a Mendelian disease. The classical approach to understanding biological roles of miRNAs has been to identify their targets and study their function in the relevant system. However, methods for predicting miRNA targets have proved to be a major barrier in the field, mainly due to the incomplete understanding of miRNA target gene binding interaction. While computational target prediction algorithms provide large lists of proposed miRNA targets, a relatively limited number have been validated. To improve the likelihood of identifying biologically relevant targets, studies often utilize microarray analysis to determine the expression profiles of miRNAs and their predicted target mRNAs. Although recent studies demonstrate that repression 
of proteins is frequently mirrored by decreased transcript levels of miRNA targets, examples where translational repression is the major component of silencing have been identified as well. Therefore, studying both the mRNA and protein levels provides the most informative view of miRNA regulation and their functional roles in particular tissues or organs. The mammalian inner ear is composed of the auditory system and the balance system. The sensory organs of these systems are specialized epithelia comprised of hair cells and supporting cells. While the cochlea consists of a single sensory organ the vestibule consists of five sensory patches, three at the end of the semicircular canals that sense rotational movement, and the saccule and utricle that sense linear acceleration. Sound, movement and acceleration cause deflection of hair cell apical projections, named stereocilia, located at the luminal surface of the epithelium.