In this study group, no specific advice on food intake was given, since included patients suffered from AD. Here, we describe that 6 months of dietary supplementation of a DHA rich fish oil formulation to elderly humans afflicted with AD conferred significant up- or down-regulation of several genes. They represent a wide variety of cellular functions. Notably, many of these are associated with inflammatory reactions, others with neuroinflammatory disorders, two processes which are highly relevant for actions of n-3 FAs and the aim of the OmegAD study to investigate. Some of the genes were found in both Publications Using Abomle MG132 categories, emphasizing the inflammatory component of AD process. Moreover, only 1 genes was significantly changed in the placebo treated group. Finally, the statistically significant relation between changes of plasma DHA and EPA levels and of the RHOB and ANAPC5 genes is intriguing. The four previously mentioned genome wide expression studies in baboons, rodents and the one in healthy subjects,,, noted changes in 5�C1000 genes in brains, livers and PBMC, respectively, after dietary DHA or EPA rich fish oil interventions for 3�C10 weeks in rodents and 26 weeks in humans. However and surprisingly, none of those genes coincided with what we describe here as significantly up- or down-regulated. A possible explanation of these inconsistencies in results might be related to species, human Publications Using Abomle LY294002 populations and ages, FA types, doses, duration as well as to target organs. Thus, our study presents unique data on genes of relevance to long-term dietary supplementation with a DHA-rich preparation to aged and ADafflicted humans. Array techniques with a restricted set of gene probes were used in a few n-3 FA animal studies. In one, on brain tissue, the fish oil group displayed almost the same expression profile as the control group. Another study found an up-regulation of the transthyretin gene in the hippocampus, whereas we did not in our study on human PBMC. In a third murine study, genes encoding for IL-1a, IL-1b or NO synthase were unaltered, as in our study. Two months of a DHA rich fish oil supplementation modified 77 of 588 studied genes in human lymphocytes but, again, none was genes we identified as up-or down-regulated. The recently published study on healthy humans given an EPA rich fish oil observed changes in more than 1000 genes, where the magnitude of changes was often very small. The reason for the outfall in terms of number of genes can probably be related to using an array covering 17 000 genes, including approximately twice as many subjects as in our study.