We used FLIM to examine the association between the Nand C-termini of aSyn in neurons. The N-terminus was labeled with the donor fluorophore, Alexa488, and the C-terminus was labeled with the acceptor molecule, Cy3. When we examined the lifetime of the donor fluorophore we detected a striking range of LDK378 lifetimes throughout the transfected neurons with significantly different lifetime being detected in the nucleus/cell body and throughout the neurites, as demonstrated by the differences in color coding throughout the neurons. Due to the lethality of AHSV challenge studies and the number of animals that would be required it was deemed important to carry out this pilot investigation to determine whether it is possible to induce an AHSV-specific immune response in ponies by vaccination with recombinant MVA viruses expressing AHSV proteins. For this we constructed three recombinant MVA viruses expressing three antigens of AHSV-4: VP2, VP7 and NS3, and characterised the antibody responses that were generated. These antigens were chosen for several reasons. Studies using recombinant VP2 vaccines in horses have demonstrated that VP2 induces a neutralising antibody response, which is serotype specific, affording protection against homologous virus challenge. AHSV-9 VP7 has been shown to provide protection in the mouse model against a heterologous challenge with a known lethal dose of AHSV-7. NS3 was chosen as it is known to stimulate antibody responses in the horse and studies with closely related bluetongue have demonstrated that NS3 may also be a CTL target for BTV-immune sheep. The results of this study demonstrate the immunogenicity of recombinant MVA vectored AHSV antigens, in particular MVAVP2. Further work with MVANS3 is needed, however, the use of MVAVP2 and MVA VP7 in a lethal challenge study in the future would be justified. These data indicate that aSyn adopts different conformations in specific subcellular environments. The efflux of MTX, FLU and NR by mutant variants was abrogated which matched well with the loss in drug resistance. We ensured that such changes were not related to poor expression and surface localization of mutant variant proteins. Replacement of core histones with histone variants, as well as posttranslational, covalent modification of the amino-terminal tails of histones correlate with distinctive chromatin states, such as transcriptionally repressive heterochromatin and open euchromatin that supports transcription. Centromeres contain the histone H3 variant, CENP-A that replaces core H3 within centromeric nucleosomes. The cytoskeleton plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the assembly and function of TJ and AJ. Actomyosin filaments modulate the TJ barrier and orchestrate the signaling and adhesive functions of AJ, through the interaction with several actin-binding junctional proteins, including Zonula-Occludens-1, acatenin, and afadin.